A cohort study examining individual factors influencing cycling as a transportation mode in São Paulo, Brazil.

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between individual-level factors and cycling for transportation in a cohort of participants living in São Paulo city, Brazil. The same participants (n = 1,431 adults) were interviewed in 2014/2015 (Wave 1) and 2020/2021 (Wave 2) as part of the 'São Paulo Health Survey-ISA: Physical Activity and Environment'. For the longitudinal transport cycling binary outcome, participants who reported cycling at both time-points and those who were cycling at Wave 2 only were coded as a positive longitudinal pattern for cycling. Those who were not cycling at either Waves, and those who were cycling at Wave 1 only, were grouped into a negative pattern for cycling. The relationship between the longitudinal patterns for transport cycling and sociodemographics, health characteristics, and behaviors at Wave 1 were tested using bivariate analysis, and the significant individual-level factors were then examined in a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The odds of being classified in the positive cycling pattern were lower for women [OR = 0.09; 95 % CI = 0.04---0.19], and higher for persons aged 30 - 39 [OR = 3.25; 95 % CI = 1.38---7.66], those who owned a bicycle [OR = 2.00; 95 % CI = 1.13---3.54], and those who engaged in ≥ 120 min/week of transport walking [OR = 2.07; 95 % CI = 1.24---3.47] or leisure-time physical activity [OR = 1.77; 95 % CI = 1.02---3.06]. Cycling interventions and promotion should target women, the mid-aged and involve facilitating bicycle access. Advocacy for physical activity interventions is needed to influence transport cycling.

Federal government budgetary and financial resources for body practices and physical activities in the Unified Health System: analysis of the 2019-2022 governmental cycle. / Recursos da União para as práticas corporais e atividades físicas no SUS: análise do ciclo governamental 2019-2022.

Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.

Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o orçamento e o financiamento federal de programas e ações de promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2019 a 2022 (Programa Academia da Saúde e o Incentivo Federal de Custeio da Atividade Física na Atenção Primária). Foram analisados e calculados os valores per capita, pela população coberta pela atenção primária e por participante de programas públicos. Os recursos efetivamente pagos foram de 3,31% a 15,06% menores dos que os aprovados no orçamento (nominal), e também foram identificados os baixos valores (máximos) anuais, independentemente se nominal ou deflacionado per capita (R$ 0,21 a 0,30) por população coberta pela atenção primária (R$ 0,25 a 0,40) e por participante (R$ 10,61 a 14,61). Concluiu-se que o baixo investimento na promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas diminui o acesso e não contribui para o pleno funcionamento do SUS ao impedir ou dificultar a ampliação de possibilidades do cuidado integral em saúde.

Recursos da União para as práticas corporais e atividades físicas no SUS: análise do ciclo governamental 2019-2022 / Federal government budgetary and financial resources for body practices and physical activities in the Unified Health System: analysis of the 2019-2022 governmental cycle

Resumo Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o orçamento e o financiamento federal de programas e ações de promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2019 a 2022 (Programa Academia da Saúde e o Incentivo Federal de Custeio da Atividade Física na Atenção Primária). Foram analisados e calculados os valores per capita, pela população coberta pela atenção primária e por participante de programas públicos. Os recursos efetivamente pagos foram de 3,31% a 15,06% menores dos que os aprovados no orçamento (nominal), e também foram identificados os baixos valores (máximos) anuais, independentemente se nominal ou deflacionado per capita (R$ 0,21 a 0,30) por população coberta pela atenção primária (R$ 0,25 a 0,40) e por participante (R$ 10,61 a 14,61). Concluiu-se que o baixo investimento na promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas diminui o acesso e não contribui para o pleno funcionamento do SUS ao impedir ou dificultar a ampliação de possibilidades do cuidado integral em saúde.

Abstract Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.

Polar Zipper on a Peptide Nanomembrane: A Characterization by Potential of Mean Force.

In this work, nanomembranes formed by the I3XGK (X = Q, S, or N) polar peptides are studied to characterize the average force and energy required to separate two neighboring ß-sheets laterally joined by polar zippers. The results presented are obtained using a methodology (state of the art) involving the pulling umbrella method to generate the samples (umbrella sampling) and the potential of mean force (PMF) to evaluate the energetic variation evolved in the process of separating the polar zipper. It was observed that the maximum force required to separate the regions linked by polar zippers is 1.48 kJ/mol nm for the I3NGK nanomembrane and 1.22 kJ/mol nm [1.30 kJ/mol nm] for the I3QGK [I3SGK] nanomembranes, emphasizing that polar zippers play an important role in the interaction that interconnects ß-sheets in broad and robust two-dimensional structures (tapes and membranes), offering an agile route to the construction of distinct nanomaterials from ß-sheets. Also, negative values were obtained for energy as a function of the reaction coordinate for the regions where the formation of polar zippers occurs, showing that the lateral union of neighboring ß-sheets is energetically favorable, with a value up to -3.0 kJ/mol, in the case of I3NGK nanomembranes.

Short-term hydromorphological and ecological responses of using woody structures for river restoration in a tailing-impacted tropical river.

Gualaxo do Norte River (GNR), in southeastern Brazil, was impacted by iron ore tailings from the Fundão Dam rupture (November 2015). The deposition of tailings on the riverbed has changed the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of the GNR, resulting in a decrease in the diversity of physical habitats and ecological biodiversity. As part of the process of restoration and management of this damaged ecosystem, the river restoration project ReNaturalize was implemented to restructure the geomorphological characteristics and the physical habitat and to enhance the reestablishment of biota, mainly for macroinvertebrates and fishes. For this goal, 203 wooden structures, such as tree trunks, branches, and grass were installed in two sections of GNR (T6R and T7R), totaling 1.8 km long. The effectiveness of the project was evaluated by an assessment that followed a before and after and control and impacted (BACI) design. Upstream of each Restored reach there is a Control and a Reference reach. Four campaigns were carried out, two before and two after the restoration process. After 14 months of the woody installation, an increase in hydraulic retention in the restored reaches was observed (T6R-20.2%; T7R-63.5%), when compared with the Control reaches, which favored the accumulation of sediments (T6R-388 metric tons; T7R-396 metric tons). This enhanced the formation of natural tailings barriers and promoted the enrichment of substrate types (T6R-39.2%; T7R-43%). The benthic macroinvertebrate community showed an increase in the total abundance (T6-110%), including the most sensitive groups (T6R-124%; T7R-124%). For fish, the increase was up to 81.38% with hand nets capture, indicating the recruitment of juveniles, and the abundance and the biomass of some species were also higher (up to 100%) than the Control reaches. The results indicated that the Restored reach is already qualitatively and quantitatively better than the Control reach and similar to the Reference reach, indicating the success of the study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:648-662. © 2022 SETAC.

Use of an Elevated Avenue for Leisure-Time Physical Activity by Adults from Downtown São Paulo, Brazil.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with access and use of public open spaces. The President João Goulart Elevated Avenue, currently denominated Minhocão, is a facility for leisure activities that is open for people during the night and weekends. The aim of this study was to examine if the prevalence of LTPA among individuals living in the surroundings of Minhocão is different according to proximity to, and use of, the facility. We conducted a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling with people aged ≥18 years who lived in households up to 500 m, and between 501 m and 1500 m of Minhocão. The survey was conducted between December 2017 and March 2019 using an electronic questionnaire. We conducted a bivariate analysis and Poisson regression to examine possible differences in LTPA according to the proximity of residences and use of Minhocão. The analysis used post-stratification weights. A total of 12,030 telephone numbers of people were drawn (≤500 m = 6942; and >500 m to ≤1500 m = 5088). The final sample included 235 residents who returned the questionnaires. There was a higher prevalence of individuals engaging in at least 150 min per week of LTPA among users than non-users (Prevalence Ratio = 2.19, IC95% 1.66 to 2.90), independently of sex, age, education, the distance of houses to nearest accesses and number of barriers. The main five barriers related to the usage of the Minhocão were safety issues in and around the Minhocão, rainy weather, lack of vegetation, and lack of facilities. People who used the park had higher prevalence of all types of LTPA than non-users. The results can serve to inform government decision-making on the future of Minhocão.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Recommendations Report.

BACKGROUND: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. RESULTS: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. CONCLUSIONS: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Development and Methods.

BACKGROUND: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6-17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation. RESULTS: The document provides guidance for the population on the benefits of being active and recommendations regarding the amount (frequency, intensity, and duration) of PA recommended across all chapters. It also includes information on supporting networks for PA. CONCLUSIONS: The PA guidelines are widely accessible in Portuguese, including versions in English, Spanish, audiobook, and Braille, and will assist policy makers and professionals from several sectors to promote PA. The ultimate goal is to increase population levels of PA in Brazil.

Validation of a permanent health education workshop on nutrition, physical activity and bodily practices / Validação de oficina de educação permanente em alimentação, atividade física e práticas corporais

This study aims to describe the development and validation of a permanent health education work-shop protocol for professional qualification in promoting adequate and healthy eating and physical activity and bodily practices for professionals working in Primary Health Care. The protocol de-velopment was based on the following theoretical references: Brazilian Dietary Guidelines, Brazil-ian Physical Activity Guidelines, Interprofessional Collaborative Practice, and Critical-Reflective Methodology (MCR); and it was proposed with 6 modules, totaling 30 hours of qualification. The protocol was evaluated in two panels of experts for content validation, which assessed aspects of clar-ity, relevance, and representativeness. The Content Validity Index (CVI), considering adequate the activities that scored CVI>0.8; and the proportion of theoretical representativeness in each activity were calculated. All 32 activities in the protocol have been validated for clarity and relevance, and the representativeness obtained results consistent with the objectives of each module. The represent-ativeness of MCR in the protocol as a whole was of 86.25%. The workshop activities protocol was evaluated as adequate for the proposed objective, considering its theoretical framework and its target audience. This is the first validated permanent education workshop to work in combination the Bra-zilian Dietary Guidelines and the Brazilian Physical Activity Guidelines, and it can be applied to the qualification of professionals in Primary Health Care throughout Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo de um protocolo de oficina de educação permanente em saúde para a qualificação profissional em promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável e da atividade física e práticas corporais voltado aos profissionais atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. O desenvolvimento do protocolo utilizou como referenciais teóricos o Guia Alimentar para a Popu-lação Brasileira, o Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira, a Prática Colaborativa Interpro-fissional e a Metodologia Crítico-Reflexiva (MCR); e foi definido com seis módulos presenciais, totalizando 30 horas de qualificação. O protocolo foi avaliado nos aspectos de clareza, pertinência e representatividade, em dois painéis de juízes para validação de conteúdo. Foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), considerando adequadas as atividades que pontuaram IVC>0,8; e o percentual de representatividade dos referenciais teóricos em cada atividade. Todas as 32 atividades do protocolo foram validadas para clareza e pertinência; e a representatividade obteve resultados condizentes com os objetivos de cada módulo. A repre-sentatividade da MCR no protocolo como um todo foi de 86,25%. As atividades da oficina foram avaliadas como adequadas ao objetivo proposto, considerando seu referencial teórico e seu público-alvo. Esta é a pri-meira oficina de educação permanente em saúde validada a trabalhar em formação combinada com o Guia Alimentar e o Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira, e pode ser aplicada para a qualificação de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde em todo Brasil

Tadalafil treatment improves cardiac, renal and lower urinary tract dysfunctions in rats with heart failure.

Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, shown to exert a protection to heart failure (HF) associated damage or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Thus, we investigated the contribution of tadalafil chronic treatment in the alterations of LUTS in HF rats. Male rats were subjected to aortocaval fistula model for HF induction. Echocardiography, cystometric, renal function and redox cell balance, as well as concentration-response curves to carbachol, KCl, ATP and frequency-response curves to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were evaluated in Sham, HF, Tadalafil and HF-Tadalafil (12 weeks endpoint) groups. HF group to present increased in left-ventricle (LV) mass and in LV end-diastolic- and LV end-systolic volume, with a decreased ejection fraction. Tadalafil treatment was able to decrease in hypertrophy and improve the LV function restoring cardiac function. For micturition function (in vivo), HF animals shown an increase in basal pressure, threshold pressure, no-voiding contractions and decreased bladder capacity, being that the tadalafil treatment restored the cystometric parameters. Contractile mechanism response (in vitro) to carbachol, KCl, ATP and EFS in the detrusor muscles (DM) were increased in the HF group, when compared to Sham group. However, tadalafil treatment restored the DM hypercontractility in the HF animals. Moreover, renal function as well as the oxidative mechanism was impaired in the HF animals, and the tadalafil treatment improved all renal and oxidative parameters in HF group. Our data shown that tadalafil has potential as multi-therapeutic drug and may be used as a pharmacological strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular, renal and urinary dysfunctions associated with HF.

Information, control and health promotion in the Brazilian context of the pandemic.

This article discusses how preventive and promotional discourses have been incorporated by the Brazilian population in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. It analyzes materials posted on the internet and social after the first case of COVID 19-related death in Brazil that are related health promotion and COVID-19 aimed at orienting society's response to the pandemic. The analysis considers two key factors: the mismanagement of the pandemic by the Brazilian government and infodemic. There is complex use of scientific information with recommendations that focus on what people should do (intervention) and in transforming individuals' behaviors, based on an ideal model of healthy behaviors. Narratives aimed to delegate to the population and specific groups the task of taking care of themselves have been reinforced, removing from the State the responsibility to offer conditions for the population to address the situation. There is a sophistication of strategies that blame individual practices, personal organization and that are disconnected from the collective, especially for those who live in situation of extreme vulnerability. Concomitantly, there are also discourses based on notions of solidarity and renewed social connections, which are empowering and consistent with the practice of health promotion as it attributes meanings to the subjects and their ways of life. We conclude that greatest advocacy in the field of health promotion at this moment is political and could be directed toward reaffirming health promotion principles, supporting permanent mobilization against setbacks in the public sphere and defending a new, democratic, inclusive and collective vision of society.

Reflexões sobre a compreensão dos profissionais das áreas do lazer e da saúde a respeito dessa interface / Reflections on the understanding of leisure and health professionals regarding this interface

RESUMO A interface entre as áreas do lazer e da saúde é crescente no Brasil. Assim, se faz relevante investigar como os profissionais dessas áreas compreendem essa relação. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como os profissionais afiliados à Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Estudos do Lazer e à Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde compreendem a temática lazer e saúde, acadêmica e/ou profissionalmente. Esta pesquisa é qualitativa, transversal e exploratória. Participaram da pesquisa 80 pessoas (42,9±10,2 anos), sendo 41 do sexo feminino e 44 profissionais da SBAFS. Empregou-se o Software IRaMuTeQ para análises estatísticas sobre os corpus textuais, e a análise crítica de discurso. As análises tiveram um aproveitamento de 88,25% do corpus textual; foi gerada uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com três classes: 1) Qualidade de vida; 2) Direitos sociais; 3) Conhecimento Acadêmico. Os profissionais entendem existir uma interface entre o lazer e a saúde, sendo o lazer um importante meio de promoção do desenvolvimento humano. Contudo, identificou-se um hiato na intercessão e na construção de conhecimentos interdisciplinares que permitam a sua efetivação no cotidiano das pessoas, assim como a ampliação de políticas intersetoriais aproximando essas temáticas.

ABSTRACT The interface between the leisure and health areas is increasing in Brazil. Thus, it is relevant to investigate how professionals in these areas understand this relationship. This work aims to analyze how professionals affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Research and Graduate Studies in Leisure Studies (ANPEL) and the Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health (SBAFS) understand the theme of leisure and health, academically and/or professionally. This research is qualitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory. The study was 80 people (42.9±10.2 years), 41 females, and 44 SBAFS professionals. The IRaMuTeQ software was used for statistical analyses on textual corpus, and critical discourse analysis. The analyses had an 88.25% utilization of the text corpus; a Descending Hierarchical Classification with three classes was generated: 1) Quality of life; 2) Social rights; 3) Academic knowledge. The professionals understand that there is an interface between leisure and health, and that leisure is an important means of promoting human development. However, a gap was identified in the intercession and construction of interdisciplinary knowledge that allows its effectiveness in the daily lives of people, as well as the expansion of intersectoral policies bringing these themes together.

[Identification and analysis of national physical activity guidelines in the Americas]. / Identificação e análise das diretrizes nacionais de atividade física nas Américas.

Given the potential of institutional approaches to health promotion, this study sought to identify the countries on the American continent which have national physical activity (PA) guidelines approved by their national health agencies. A scoping review was conducted in May 2019, with a search conducted in five electronic databases, national health agency websites and contacts with members of the Physical Activity Network of the Americas. In all, national PA guidelines were found in ten of the 36 countries surveyed (27.8%), published between 2011 and 2018, the majority being in South American countries (n = 6). All guidelines presented "approaches and strategies for primary health care," "PA recommendations for health," and the "involvement of different PA domains," however, few guidelines addressed "constructed environment and infrastructure" (n = 3), as well as "monitoring and surveillance actions" (n = 5). The conclusion can be drawn that, although few countries on the American continent have guidelines for PA and that the majority of those available address PA in a limited way, new national guidelines, based on the complexity of the determinants, monitoring and consequences of PA are needed to guide and foster policies to promote PA within the population.

Visto o potencial das abordagens institucionais à promoção da saúde, o presente estudo buscou identificar os países do continente americano que possuem diretrizes nacionais de atividade física (AF) chanceladas por órgãos nacionais de saúde. Em maio de 2019 realizou-se uma revisão de escopo, com buscas em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas, sítios eletrônicos dos órgãos nacionais de saúde e contato com integrantes da Rede de Atividade Física das Américas. Foram encontradas diretrizes nacionais de AF em dez dos 36 países pesquisados (27,8%), publicadas entre 2011 e 2018, com maioria nos países da América do Sul (n=6). Todas as diretrizes apresentaram "abordagens e estratégias para a atenção primária em saúde", "recomendações de AF para a saúde" e o "envolvimento de distintos domínios da AF", contudo, poucas diretrizes abordaram o "ambiente construído e infraestrutura" (n=3), assim como "ações de monitoramento e vigilância" (n=5). Pode-se concluir que, ao passo que poucos países do continente americano dispõem de diretrizes para a AF e, que boa parte das disponíveis aborda a AF de maneira limitada, novas diretrizes nacionais, fundamentadas na complexidade dos determinantes, monitoramento e consequências da AF são necessárias para a orientação e incentivo de políticas de promoção da AF no contexto populacional.

Identificação e análise das diretrizes nacionais de atividade física nas Américas / Identification and analysis of national physical activity guidelines in the Americas

Resumo Visto o potencial das abordagens institucionais à promoção da saúde, o presente estudo buscou identificar os países do continente americano que possuem diretrizes nacionais de atividade física (AF) chanceladas por órgãos nacionais de saúde. Em maio de 2019 realizou-se uma revisão de escopo, com buscas em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas, sítios eletrônicos dos órgãos nacionais de saúde e contato com integrantes da Rede de Atividade Física das Américas. Foram encontradas diretrizes nacionais de AF em dez dos 36 países pesquisados (27,8%), publicadas entre 2011 e 2018, com maioria nos países da América do Sul (n=6). Todas as diretrizes apresentaram "abordagens e estratégias para a atenção primária em saúde", "recomendações de AF para a saúde" e o "envolvimento de distintos domínios da AF", contudo, poucas diretrizes abordaram o "ambiente construído e infraestrutura" (n=3), assim como "ações de monitoramento e vigilância" (n=5). Pode-se concluir que, ao passo que poucos países do continente americano dispõem de diretrizes para a AF e, que boa parte das disponíveis aborda a AF de maneira limitada, novas diretrizes nacionais, fundamentadas na complexidade dos determinantes, monitoramento e consequências da AF são necessárias para a orientação e incentivo de políticas de promoção da AF no contexto populacional.

Abstract Given the potential of institutional approaches to health promotion, this study sought to identify the countries on the American continent which have national physical activity (PA) guidelines approved by their national health agencies. A scoping review was conducted in May 2019, with a search conducted in five electronic databases, national health agency websites and contacts with members of the Physical Activity Network of the Americas. In all, national PA guidelines were found in ten of the 36 countries surveyed (27.8%), published between 2011 and 2018, the majority being in South American countries (n = 6). All guidelines presented "approaches and strategies for primary health care," "PA recommendations for health," and the "involvement of different PA domains," however, few guidelines addressed "constructed environment and infrastructure" (n = 3), as well as "monitoring and surveillance actions" (n = 5). The conclusion can be drawn that, although few countries on the American continent have guidelines for PA and that the majority of those available address PA in a limited way, new national guidelines, based on the complexity of the determinants, monitoring and consequences of PA are needed to guide and foster policies to promote PA within the population.

Atividade física para adultos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for adults: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Em 2020, o Ministério da Saúde, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, selecionou pesquisadores e pesquisadoras para a elaboração do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar os métodos utilizados, bem como os re-sultados do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (Guia) para adultos de 18 a 59 anos de idade. A base para construção do Guia se deu a partir de quatro perguntas norteadoras: O quê, quando, por que e como praticar atividade física (AF)? Para responder essas questões, duas estratégias principais foram adotadas: revisão das evidências científicas e a "escuta" de diferentes grupos estra-tégicos. A partir dos procedimentos realizados, recomenda-se que os adultos acumulem entre 150 e 300 minutos de AF por semana com intensidade moderada e/ou entre 75 e 150 minutos por semana de intensidade vigorosa. Dentre os benefícios identificados, destaca-se a redução de mortalidade por doenças crônicas, melhoria na saúde mental, nos aspectos sociais (e.g. interação com outras pessoas, contato com a cultura local etc.) e emocionais (e.g. autoestima, sensação de bem-estar etc.). Além disso, as recomendações não ficaram restritas aos desfechos supracitados, buscou-se considerar as especificidades e singularidades da população adulta nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, destacando que a AF está envolvida em movimentos populares, sociais e culturais. No Guia também são apresentadas mensagens para superar as principais barreiras da AF, e as redes de apoio existentes para auxiliar a população adulta a ter uma vida fisicamente mais ativa

In 2020, the Brazilian Health Ministry in partnership with the Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul selected researchers for the elaboration of the Brazilian Physical Activity Guide. The objective of this article was to present the methods used as well as the results of the Brazilian Physical Activity Guide for adults from 18 to 59 years of age. The construction of the guide was based on four guiding questions: What, when, why and how to practice physical activity? To answer these questions, two main strategies were adopted: review of scientific evidence and "listening" to different strategic groups. From the procedures performed, it is recommended that adults accumulate between 150 and 300 minutes of physical activity per week of moderate intensity and / or between 75 and 150 minutes per week of vigorous intensity, regardless of the type (aerobics or muscle strengthening). Among the identified benefits, the reduction of mortality due to chronic diseases, improvement in mental health, in social and emotional aspects stands out, (e.g., interaction with other people, contact with local culture etc.) and emotional (e.g., self-esteem, feeling of well-being etc.). In addition, the recommendations were not restricted to the aforementioned outcomes, we sought to consider the specificities and singularities of the adult population in different regions of Brazil. The guide also pre-sents messages to overcome the main barriers of physical activity, and the existing support networks to help Brazilian adults to have a more physically active life

Study protocol: health survey of Sao Paulo: ISA-Physical Activity and Environment.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated the association between the built environment and physical activity behavior in urban settings. However, most of the studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries were cross-sectional, which are limited to identify behavioral determinants. We propose a prospective cohort study to verify the relationship between built environment features and leisure-time and transport-related physical activity in adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. METHODS: Prospective multilevel cohort, denominated "ISA-Physical Activity and Environment". It will build on the Health Survey of Sao Paulo in 2015 ("Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA)" in Portuguese). The Health Survey of Sao Paulo, originally designed as a cross-sectional survey, had a multi-stage sample, covering 150 census tracts distributed in five health administrative areas. Data collection was performed by face-to-face interviews until December 2015 and the sample comprised 4043 individuals aged 12 years or more. The ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will reassess people who are aged 18 years or more in 2020, including telephone and household interviews. The primary outcome will be leisure-time and transport-related physical activity, assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long version. Exposure variables will be built environment features in the areas participants live and work in the follow-up. Data analysis will include multivariate multilevel linear and logistic models. We will also conduct cost-effectiveness analysis and develop agent-based models to help inform decision-makers. The study will be conducted by an interdisciplinary research team specialized in physical activity epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, georeferencing applied to health, statistics, agent-based modeling, public health policy, and health economics. DISCUSSION: There are few longitudinal studies on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behavior in low- and middle-income countries. We believe that the ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will contribute with important results for the progress of the knowledge in this field and for the implementation of policies that promote leisure-time physical activity and active travel in Sao Paulo and similar cities across the world.

Promoção das Práticas Corporais/ Atividade Física nos programas de governos presidenciais do Brasil (2018): diferentes caminhos, diferentes intencionalidades / Body practices/ physical activity promotion in Brazilian presidential government programs (2018): different proposals, different goals

Resumo Este estudo buscou identificar estratégias e intencionalidades relativas à promoção das práticas corporais / atividade física (PCAF) nas propostas de governo (PG) presidenciais (2018). Em posse das PG, realizamos leituras e buscas por termos relacionados a temática das PCAF. Para a análise dos dados, usamos elementos da análise de conteúdo temática. Em apenas seis (46,2%) das 13 PG deferidas foram encontradas menções às PCAF. Em cinco PG identificamos estratégias relacionadas ao esporte de recreação e em quatro às PCAF no ambiente escolar. Quanto às intencionalidades, percebemos desde aquelas mais ligadas à melhoria de aspectos clínicos de saúde e enfrentamento ao uso de drogas até as que assumem o entendimento do acesso das PCAF como direito de todos. Concluímos que o acesso às PCAF ainda não é reconhecido enquanto direito de todas as pessoas, uma vez que mais da metade das PG sequer apresenta menção ao tema e que as PG que abordaram esta temática diferiram bastante tanto em relação a suas estratégias e intencionalidades para sua promoção, indicando que o discurso sobre a promoção das PCAF pode servir a diferentes projetos de país, sendo necessária uma análise criteriosa a respeito de seus caminhos e intencionalidades.

Abstract This study sought to identify strategies and intentions related to the promotion of bodily practices / physical activity (PCAF) in presidential government (PG) proposals (2018). In possession of the PG, we performed readings and searches for terms related to the PCAF theme. For data analysis, we used elements of thematic content analysis. In only six (46.2%) of the 13 deferred GPs, mentions to PCAF were found. In five PG we identified strategies related to recreational sport and in four to PCAF in the school environment. As for the intentions, we can see from those more linked to the improvement of clinical aspects of health and coping with drug use to those that assume the understanding of the access to the PCAF as a right for all. We conclude that access to PCAF is still not recognized as a right of all people, since more than half of the GPs do not even mention the topic and that the GPs that addressed this issue differed quite so much in relation to their strategies and intentions for their promotion, indicating that the discourse on the promotion of PCAF may apply to different country projects, and thus requires careful analysis of their paths and intentions.

Massive mortality of the giant freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Lamarck, 1819) (Bivalvia: Mycetopodidae) during a severe drought in a Neotropical reservoir.

In 2012, a severe drought struck the southeastern of Brazil compromising the Paraná River Basin reservoirs. Here, we described how this climatic event promoted a massive mortality of the giant freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis in Furnas reservoir and reported the consequences of this phenomenon. In November 2012, three quarters of 100 m2 were sampled in this reservoir, where 812 dead shells of A. trapesialis were analyzed and measured (33 Ë« 133 mm). The species showed an aggregated distribution with high density ( X ¯ : 1.0 - 5.5 ind/m2). Despite the massive mortality detected in field, it was possible to find living specimens in a small channel in the studied area, allowing the species to survive the water level fluctuations. Large adult individuals (100 Ë« 124 mm) were more affected by drought than juveniles, accounting for about 90% of the dead mussels analyzed. Two years after the massive mortality event, water level was not reestablished and a terrestrial succession (with elevations in the concentration of organic matter and calcium in sediment) was observed in the studied area. We verified that the damming associated with extreme climatic events affect negatively the populations of A. trapesialis and should be faced as a conservationist problem.

Research on the Academia da Cidade and Academia da Saúde Programs: scoping review / Pesquisas sobre os Programas Academia da Cidade e Academia da Saúde: revisão de escopo

In order to identify the research that addressed the Academia da Cidade and Academia da Saúde Programs (ACP/ASP), a scoping review was conducted in April 2020 in five electronic databases and in reference lists aiming to identify scientific articles that had data collections carried out in the facilities of the ACP/ASP or, that somehow involved the populations of the localities where the programs were implemented. Of the 321 initial records, the descriptive synthesis consisted of 59 studies, which had as their most frequent characteristics: cross-sectional design, use of quantitative approaches in data collection and analysis, Nutrition as a central topic, and involvement of users (adults and the elderly). In conclusion, longitudinal studies involving all actors (managers, practitioners and users) and covering different health topics, besides promoting the approximation between academia and decision makers, may be promising in the sense of better evaluating the impact that the program represents in the life of the communities that are attended

No sentido de identificar as pesquisas que abordam os Programas Academia da Cidade e Academia da Saúde (PAC/PAS), em abril de 2020 foi conduzida uma revisão de escopo, em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas em listas de referências, a fim de identificar artigos científicos originais que tiveram coletas de dados realizadas nas instalações do PAC/PAS ou, que, de alguma forma envolveram as populações das localidades em que foram implantados os programas. De 321 registros iniciais, a síntese foi composta por 59 artigos científicos, que apresentaram como características mais frequentes: delineamento transversal, uso de abordagens quantitativas nas coletas e análises de dados, Nutrição como temática central e envolvimento de usuários (adultos e idosos). Em conclusão, estudos longitudinais envolvendo todos os atores (gestores, profissionais e usuários) e distintas temáticas da saúde, além de promoverem a aproximação entre a academia e tomadores de decisão, podem ser promissores no sentido de melhor avaliar o impacto que o programa representa na vida das comunidades que são atendidas